The Life and Work of Edgar Allan Poe Essay - 867 Words

Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to parents who were traveling actors. His father David Poe Jr. died probably in 1810. Elizabeth Hopkins Poe died in 1811, leaving three children. Edgar was taken into the home of a merchant from Richmond named John Allan. The remaining children were cared for by others. Poes brother William died young and sister Rosalie later became insane. At the age of five Poe could recite passages of English poetry. Later one of his teachers in Richmond said: quot;While the other boys wrote mere mechanical verses, Poe wrote genuine poetry; the boy was a born poet.quot; Poe was brought up partly in England (1815-20), where he attended Manor School at Stoke Newington. Later it became the setting for†¦show more content†¦In 1830 Poe entered West Point. He was dishonorably discharged the next year, for intentional neglect of his duties. Apparently he did this out of his own strong desire to be released. In 1833 Poe lived in Baltimore with hi s fathers sister Mrs. Maria Clemm. After winning a prize of $50 for the short story MS Found in a Bottle, he started a career as a staff member of various magazines, some of which were; the Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond (1835-37), Burtons Gentlemans Magazine in Philadelphia (1839-40), and Grahams Magazine (1842-43). During these years he wrote some of his best-known stories. Southern Literary Messenger he had to leave partially due to his alcohol addiction. In 1836 Poe married his 13-year-old cousin Virginia Clemm. She bust a blood vessel in 1842, and remained virtually invalid until she died from tuberculosis five years later. After Virginia’s death, Poe began to lose his struggle with drinking and drugs. He had several romances, including an affair with the poet Sarah Helen Whitman, who said: quot;His proud reserve, his profound melancholy, his unworldliness - may we not say his unearthliness of nature - made his character one very difficult of comprehension to th e casual observer.quot; In 1849 Poe became engaged to Elmira Royster, who was at that time Mrs. Shelton. To Virginia he addressed the famous poem Annabel Lee (1849) - its subject, Poes favorite, is the death of a beautifulShow MoreRelatedThe Life and Works of Edgar Allan Poe Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pages Throughout the life of Edgar Allan Poe, he suffered many unfortunate events and endured several difficult situations. Some speculate that it was these experiences that helped to formulate the famous writing style of Edgar Allan Poe. His dark tales such as The Masque of the Red Death and The Tell-Tale Heart are horrific, and his poems such as Alone and The Raven show evidence that his life experiences influenced their dreariness. Poes story plots and his own life are undeniably related andRead MoreThe Life and Work of Edgar Allan Poe Essay550 Words   |  3 PagesEdgar Allan Poes style of writing is typical of the styles of writing during the Age of Romanticism. His poems and sh ort stories were heavily influenced by his life experiences from a young boy to a well renowned writer. He lived his life in poverty, moving from one job to the other and from city to city, yet he is still one of the most widely read American authors today. Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19, 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts. Poes home life was very unstable. His father, DavidRead More Edgar Allan Poe: Life and Works Essay2848 Words   |  12 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Edgar Allan Poe was a literary genius of his time. His works may seem eccentric but beneath the words and stories lies a solemn, alone boy whose only way of comfort and relief was through his pen. Of the critical reviews I have studied pertaining to Poe, never has such a varied difference of opinions been presented or suggested towards a writer. It is thought that his life had a major influence on his writing and by reading many of his pieces I agree with that statement. Edgar Poe was bornRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe: His Life and Works705 Words   |  3 PagesEdgar Allan Poe was born in Massachusetts in 1809 and was orphaned by the time by the age of 2 (Fisher ix). Edgar lived with his godparents, and excelled in school but he had an irascible temper and was prone to alcoholism (Fisher vi). He first began his writing career by entering several â€Å"fiction contests† that was being held by newspapers in New England, and went on to write and publish 1 novel, and several short stories and poems (Fisher vii). He married his 14 year old cousin in 1836 and supportedRead MoreEssay about The Work and Life of Edgar Allan Poe1994 Words   |  8 PagesA bit of Edgar Allan Poes life had been molded into each piece of his work. This provided his readers and critics with a better understanding of Poes life. Poe displayed his greatest lifes achievements and his worst disappointments in a series of stories and poems created throughout his whole life. It is the goal of this research paper to reveal symbolic facts about Poe?s life and define these hidden parallels in some of his most famous works.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19, 1809Read MoreEdgar Allan Poe : His Life Influenced His Work1093 Words   |  5 Pages Edgar Allan Poe: How His Life Influenced His Work Edgar Allan Poe was an American author known for his works of depression and misfortune. Throughout his lifetime, Poe would never gain fame. It was only after his death that the true genius of Edgar Allan Poe was discovered. Poe frequently used his life occurrences—as terrible as they were—to influence his writings. It is through his writings that one can delve into the mind of Edgar Allan Poe and discover how his life truly was. Edgar Allan PoeRead MoreBrianna Ruiz-Vannerson. Leonard Miller. Enc1102. Feb. 231548 Words   |  7 PagesMiller ENC1102 Feb. 23 2017 The Compelling Mind of Edgar Allan Poe Through: â€Å"Lenore† and â€Å"The Raven† Throughout the life of esteemed author Edgar Allan Poe, there have been many time that this extraordinary man’s life has been turned upside down with grief. His first encounter with this wretched demon was when he was no older than three years of age. The mother who birthed him dies and his father abandons them before her death (â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe†). He then is separated from his brother and sisterRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe; Fame Inspired by a Tragic Life865 Words   |  4 Pagespoet, Edgar Allan Poe, had been plagued by grief from an early age. He was an amazing poet and author who just happened to have a darker story. Many who have studied this prestigious man feel that his works, though magnificent, were extremely dark. Some believe it was nothing more then a fancy for him to spin such gruesome tales. Others feel his work was manipulated by the misfortune of his past. These people have actually found evidence that agrees with this statement. The works of Edgar Alla n PoeRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe Research Paper1195 Words   |  5 Pagesand Comp 1 2 December 2010 Edgar Allan Poe His works and life relating to â€Å"Annabel Lee† [pic] Many poets and story writers write their stories based upon events and aspects of their life. They do this because it is so relatable and easy to write about because there is some truth in the words. Edgar Allan Poe is said to be one of these because his stories actually relate to his tragic, love stricken life. He is known to lead an overall depressing life that was full of loss and griefRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Raven And The Fall Of The House Of Usher 896 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is an extremely well known American writer and is famous for his horrific and mysterious works such as, â€Å"The Raven† and â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher.† Poe was born in 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts in an era that seems to have many dark and ominous writers and pieces of literature originating from that time period. Poe is said to have launched the interest in many of the detective type stories that we read from modern day writers. â€Å"In the early 1800s, romanticism was the dominant

The Influences On Western Civilization - 1559 Words

The Influences on Western Civilization by the Hebrew-Christian and Greco-Roman Traditions Western Civilization, as it is known today, is a coalescence of various cultures, ideologies, and practices that have been preserved over centuries of human life. Although a countless number of societies have influenced Western Civilization, Hebrew-Christian civilizations and Greco-Roman civilizations have been the two most influential. Both of these civilizations and their traditions have left equally deep and long-lasting marks on Western Civilization that are still seen in today’s society. While Hebrew-Christian religious traditions are at the core foundation of the largest religions of the western world, Greco-Roman political and social traditions are, on the other hand, seen in the fundamentals of Western societal systems and ideologies. In addition, both Hebrew-Christian traditions and Greco-Roman traditions are prominent in western political and governmental structures. Without the influence of Hebrew-Christian or Greco-Roman traditions, Western Civilization would not be what it is today. In the 21st Century, Christianity and Islam collectively are considered to be the most practiced religions in not only Western Civilization but the world as well. The core foundations of both these unique yet interconnected religions developed from Hebrew-Christian traditions dated as far back as 1200 BCE. The first and largest connection between these two religions and Hebrew-ChristianShow MoreRelatedThe Influence Of Western Civilization1673 Words   |  7 Pages The Influence of western Civilization Western Civilization has had a tremendous influence on many different cultures worldwide. From the Hispanic cultures in South and Central America, to the Caribbean islands, and also to the various exotic African countries, and even to the distinguished cultures that reside in the continent of Asia. In many ways than one, these cultures have been molded to be as westernized as they could possibly be without losing their traditional customs indefinitelyRead MorePlatos Influence on the Western Civilization950 Words   |  4 Pages Plato and His Relation to Western Civilization Plato is one of the succinct psychologists, analyst, and scholar the world has ever had. He is a lucrative figure in the birth, generation, and early development of the western civilization. His contributions through ethics, politics, religion, symposiums, and dialogues with Socrates exemplify a myriad of his works since he was a young scholar. He participated in a number of events, theoretical appearances, and analysis, and posting of theoriesRead MoreIslam s Influence On Western Civilization969 Words   |  4 PagesAs history continues, many religions have had an over powering effect on western civilization. When the 5th century arose, the religion, Islam, had an extremely important impact on the civilization. Muhammad, an Arabic prophet founded Islam and began to introduce it the people of his time. Diplomacy, violence, warfare, public laws, and Arabic tradition played a crucial role in the building of the Islamic religion. These important aspects helped shape and build the Islam religion that is now one ofRead More Plato’s Influence on Western Civilization Essay3085 Words   |  13 PagesOur country is built on a set of values derived from ancient civilizations, individuals, and city-states; both negative and positive attributes of these relics can be proven to have assisted in molding our government into a unique and prized entity. Never would one imagine that western civilization is actually inclined by theories of truth and the human beings perception of it. Few would have thought that a primitive concept could be linked to the setbacks of other societies and their forms of socializationRead More The Roman Empire and Its Influence on Western Civilization Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesThe Roman Empire and Its Influence on Western Civilization   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Romes vast empire lasted for an amazing one thousand-year reign. Half of it referred to as the republic, and the other as the empire. However, after its fall in 5oo-a.d. Rome has still remained in existence through its strong culture, architecture, literature, and even religion (Spielvogel 175). Even after its disappearance as a nation Rome left behind a legacy that will never be forgotten. Its ideals and traditions have been immolatedRead MoreChina And Japan s Influence On The Western Civilization950 Words   |  4 PagesJapan had similar but different experiences with the Western civilization. China and Japan reacted differently to the Western nations and it was China’s reactions to the West that would break the Chinese’s isolation leaving their traditions behind. The Industrial trade in Europe and the United States had created a gap between Asia and the West, This left china and Japan far behind technologically and they were not able to stand up against the western nations and although at different times China andRead More Greek And Roman Influence On Western Civilization Essay581 Words   |  3 Pages Western civilization is what we call modern society that mainly includes North America and Western Europe. But how did this western way of life come to be? Their are many different ways but mainly through ancient cultures. The two main ones are the Greek and Roman. Greece with their golden age and Rome with its great Empire and Republic and also together. Their are many ways in which western civilization is like the ancient Greek civilization. They started the Olympic games. Greeks comeRead MoreAncient Greece s Influence On Western Civilization2158 Words   |  9 PagesMuch can be said about the Greeks and their contribution to Western Civilization greatly and how they paved the way. The Greeks subsidized Western Civilization greatly, contributing areas of architecture, government, and many more. The Greeks built the Parthenon, a temple dedicated the infamous goddess Athena, who they viewed as there patron. The famous temple has columns and groundwork that characterizes Greek architecture. The architects were concerned with conducting a sense of perfect balanceRead MoreThe Role Of Roman Influence On Western Culture And Civilization1811 Words   |  8 PagesThere are amazing moments in history we take for granted because we lack the understanding of their significance. Roman influences have a dominating presence on western culture and civilization. To subtract these influences from our ethos would leave a ca vernous hole in our western identities. However, Rome had to fight for it’s power and position; often against impressive rivals. One of the most noteworthy battles fought by the Romans are the Punic wars, a series of three battles that span roughlyRead MoreHow Did Ancient Greece Influence Western Civilization951 Words   |  4 Pages The Western world was highly influenced by the ancient Greeks. The Greeks changed the way the world looks at art, math, architecture, philosophy, sports, and drama. Without the ancient Greeks, the modern world would not be the same. Men such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle changed the way we look at philosophy. The Athenians created the first known democracy, setting the stage for future governments. The Euclidian Theorem and the Pythagorean Theorem among others made mathematics easier and more

The Adventure †creative writing Free Essays

It was an adventure I’ll never forget and it changed me forever. It was the summer between my junior and senior year. I had made an outrageous decision to relinquish my employment and pursue my sailing dreams. We will write a custom essay sample on The Adventure – creative writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now I had sailed on a catamaran, a sailboat whose frame is set on two parallel hulls, for nearly five years but only recently had begun to compete at regattas. This was to be my last summer as an innocent child and I looked forward to all the great adventures to come. CatFight II was to be the largest and the farthest catamaran race I was to attend that summer. I planned all summer and spent hours getting the boat and trailer in perfect condition. My friend, Joel, was to accompany me to the regatta. It was held in Muskegon, Michigan, and it would take over eight hours to drive there. We would leave Thursday night and drive through the night. I was very excited because all the sailors had said that CatFight would be, if nothing else, a great learning experience. Thursday I spent all day getting gear packed and preparing for the eight-hour drive. We left a little later than planned, around eleven, but at least we were on the road. We planned to drive in shift although I feared Joel’s driving ability, especially with a twenty-foot boat attached to the car, so I did my best to stay alert. Cleveland was our first detour. We seemed to have gotten off the freeway a little earlier than expected and took a scenic tour of southeast Cleveland. The view was a bit frightening, though there were many businesses, but most were gun-stores and liquor stores. Eventually we wandered back to I-90 and then off to the toll road for a quick journey to Toledo. The drive between Toledo and Cleveland was boring but I was too excited to feel fatigued. We passed through Toledo at about two o’clock A. M. Once in Michigan the drive seemed to go quickly. It was only a few short hours to Detroit, then a seemingly extremely long drive across Michigan to Muskegon, located on mid-eastern Lake Michigan. After driving through Detroit I drew weary and Joel soon took over. Joel hadn’t slept during the drive to Detroit, which worried me, but I soon was asleep in the passenger seat. When I awoke we were in Muskegon and the sun was rising. We passed mansion after mansion and soon were at the gates of the sailing club. Sailors were already eating breakfast and preparing their boats. I can distinctly remember the fragrance of the lake it was like nothing I’ve ever smelled. It was a pure delightful aroma, which was quickly replaced by the musty smell of Joel and I. We had spent an entire night in a car and were not smelling too appeasing. Once in the parking lot we began the normal procedure setting up to race. The sailors were very friendly and helpful. The time seemed to pass so quickly it seemed like minutes and the racing for the day was already over. After the races of the first day we were exhausted. Neither of us had gotten over an hour of sleep in 36 hours. We pulled the boat to shore, took down the sails and dove into bed. It was fairly early in the day only about three P. M. the cookout and party were just beginning but we were too tired to even notice. It wasn’t until the next morning we awoke. We grabbed a quick breakfast and immediately were back on the lake. After the races we hung around for the party afterward. Sailors were telling stories of horrendous seas and other unbelievable tales. There was a wide range of people there from all over the world sailors came from as far as Australia and brought with them delightful tales from â€Å"down under†. The third and last day of the regatta was the quickest. Everyone was anxious to return home. The races were fast as always and afterward people sat around and exchanged stories and tips. All ninety boats were disassembled and put onto trailers where people from all over the nation would be returning home. It was a peaceful feeling to know that we sailed against the best in the nation and even beat a few of the best in the nation. Before we left I captured a few last pictures and then we began the last leg of the trip. The journey home was not as exciting because the anticipation was gone. We knew that once we returned we would once again start another school year. It was more disappointing than anything else. As we entered Ohio the scenery distinctively changed and once near Ashtabula it seemed we had entered the wilderness. Back to the old routine, it was frightening. The regatta was fun and we learned a lot from the elder sailors but most importantly that life is about the experiences and stories. Returning home was disappointing but I guess we have to return home because without home to return to then our journey is endless. How to cite The Adventure – creative writing, Papers

Management Technique and Training Course †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Management Technique and Training Course. Answer: Introduction: Waste management, also known as waste disposal is the application and implementation of all techniques and activities that focus on managing waste from the time of their inception to their final stage of being disposed. Some of these activities include collection, pick-ups, transportation, treatment, and disposal of wastes. In that case, waste management requires monitoring and regulation at all times as well as the adherence of environmental rules and regulations set up by the government and other authorities (Cordeiro et al, 2012). Waste management is necessary especially for a country to be able to keep their environment clean and attractive. Wastes includes various kinds of wastes like residential wastes, business production wastes or rather commercial waste which all need to be dealt with. Technically, when dealing with the commercial waste management process and system, the business organizations basically require effective and smart strategies to help them through the process (Qian and Burritt, 2007). These kinds of wastes relate to different commercial processes, e.g. during raw material extraction, during the process of producing a final product, after the consumption of the product among other things. In addition to that, there are different types of wastes from different kinds of industries in the commercial world. However, in this assignment I will focus on discussing the strategies that a medium sized furniture producing business can to manage its waste. The organization of my choice is Smart City Solutions Company located in Melbourne, Australia. It is a small medium sized business with more than 500 employees and earns a revenue of around 10 million per year. The business was started in 2000 and has grown since then. The business has been specializing on the specialization and production of modern technological systems and machines that will help manage waste disposal in Australia. Smart City Solutions Companyhas concentrated its efforts into providing smart, connected and effective waste management methods to enable clean and friendly environment for the people of Australia (https://www.wasteexpoaustralia.com.au/en/Exhibitors/3241175/Smart-City-Solutions). It produces and avails suitable software and hardware materials that are capable of disposing waste products from different regions, industries and to cater for various types of wastes. I will also use an example of a wood or furniture producing industry that has always been sou rcing its raw material on its own and using them to make its products, i.e. input resources like timber, wood and other inputs to use during the production of the furniture. Therefore, this being the main inputs to be used in the furniture industry, it certainly requires smart strategies to manage its wastes products which are always large in amounts which can be provided and availed by Smart City Solutions Company. This is because this type of industry is likely going to produce wastes in every stage of operation. The businesses executive members are basically the top management team which include of the business owners and the managers. These people are mainly responsible for providing the finances required for any business operation as well as are in charge of making any major decision that is required to be made for the business to be operational (Zsolnai et al, 2012). They are basically the final and overall decision makers. Therefore, they need to be knowledgeable and skilled when it comes to any issue that regard business operations, including waste management issues. Basically, Smart City Solutions can provide management solutions to any business wastes. For instance, furniture and wood producing companies produce wastes during raw material extraction (cutting wood into timber, wastes like tree barks, saw dust, small chips of wood etc.), during the furniture production process (wastes like sawdust, slabs, timber edges, and veneer cores) after long use of the furniture (often refers to a s old product) (Daian and Ozarska, 2009). Therefore, the executives in Smart Solutions should be aware of exactly what the business requires to achieve effective and efficient waste management i.e. strategies. Smart Solutions being a waste management solutions company it has an obligation to attend to and help a furniture producing company and any other business that produces its own raw materials. Smart Solutions must identify and evaluate what the business requires to achieve better waste management plan and techniques in general. This includes being aware of the businesss employees creativity, capability and innovative measures especially towards planning and implementing better strategies for waste management. The employees can play a crucial role in enabling and ensuring effective waste management strategies and methods simply because they are the ones making use of the raw materials and producing these wastes. Also, they certainly must have various ideas on how these wastes ca n be managed, e.g. by recycling, reusing or reducing their production itself. The main objective of this process is to help Smart City Solutions to effectively and efficiently develop and improve its current strategies on waste management in all is production operations. The company produces modern and technologically developed strategies that are more suitable for waste management in the current world. For instance for a furniture producing business that produces wastes from the process of raw material extraction to final product production requires specific techniques to manage those wastes. Currently, some furniture companies have been burning and leaving these wastes to be misused and destroyed by either water or wind without fundamental importance. These wastes are materials that can be used for many other different purposes like production of paper in the paper industry (Murphy et al, 2007). The wastes produced during raw material production can be used as fuel rather than being burnt anyhow (Li, 2012). The wood chippings and sawdust produced during the manufacturing process can be used in the paper industry as well. In other words, these wastes can be used in an entirely different business as raw materials for producing other different products (Top, 2015). Therefore, when Smart City Solutions Company device, develop and implement its modern methods into these companies, especially strategies that help focus on production of a new product like paper by using these wastes as raw materials can be a better way of inflicting effective and efficient waste management strategy. This relate to techniques like reusing and recycling of the wastes produced by the business during the production of its products. Additionally, the company can also manage these waste effectively by finding better ways to reduce the production of the wastes themselves. This may relate to encouraging these industries into using better technology, machines and process to extract raw materials and manufacturing the products (Deac et al, 2011). The reduction of the wastes produced is one of the best methods because it will certainly contribute directly to the performance of the business and probably increase its profits as well, this is not only in furniture producing industry but other industries as well. To be able to implement these new ideas and strategies, the business executive group will be notified and educated about the desired changes and developments that the strategies are expected to bring to the business itself, the countrys economy and Smart City Solutions itself. Also, the business will focus on other methods of waste management strategies which will be its new culture like improving its waste measu rement methods, techniques of reducing wastes that go to landfill, identifying local collectors and users of such wastes, understand and participate in waste recycling contracts and programs and implement waste material collection systems around the business itself. Smart City Solutions can measure business waste by basically inspecting the locations where waste products may have been produced and estimating their measure. The business management should ensure that all the occasions and possible wastes are recorded in amounts and how often they are produced. This will help the company determine how much waste it produces and how often which will help it device methods to manage the waste better and effectively besides reducing the effects to the environmental and forests impacts inflicted (Koskela, 2011). Therefore, by coming up with more effective and modernized methods to measure and determine waste material amounts, Smart City Solutions will certainly achieve its objective (Yigitcanlar, 2016). This relates to waste management methods like total reduction of the wastes entirely, reuse and recycling of the wastes (Redmond et al, 2014). The reduction of the wastes can be achieved by improving the production and manufacturing processes used in producing the raw materials and final products, or rather developing, and improving the operating system of the production process. Smart City Solutions should focus on developing the current strategies that enable waste material reuse by finding out whether there are other companies or industries that can use the wastes as raw materials, e.g. paper industry. Recycling involves finding which wastes materials can be used once more in the process. This is a strategy that will work hand in hand with the recycling and reusing strategies. When a business is able to create better ways to determine the amount of wastes and that which can be used in landfill, it can be able to locate and target the local waste collectors (Snchez-Medina et al, 2014). These collectors will help the business not only get rid of the wastes, but also make use of the wastes in a positive way. This can be done by enabling effective communication and connection between the companies involved, e.g. by use of modern software collecting system and connectivity system. This may involve the authoritative association, the government and other business that may need the wastes that a company produces (Shazwin and Nakagoshi, 2010). A business should be able to identify and make use of the recycling programs and contracts that may be available in the country especially those that relate to environmental cleanness and economy development and growth (Walker et al, 2008 and Bergeron, 2016). For instance, Smart City Solutions can encourage all furniture producing industries and businesses to enter into contracts with the paper industry whereby these businesses should be providing the paper industry with the wastes for their use as raw materials. Through this, the will be implementing he recycling and reusing of waste products. This strategy is meant to focus on waste reduction and accumulation at the business premises. It is the responsibility of Smart City Solutions to device various techniques of collecting the wastes produced during any operation of any business that they are in charge of. The company should ensure that the techniques used become a routine ad an operation on its own. Through this strategy, Smart City Solutions will help the business connect with waste collectors and other companies that may require these wastes as raw materials for their products (Redmond et al, 2008). All of these strategies in this plan will certainly cost the company some money in order to implement them and for them to be effective and efficient. However, some of them will be less costly than the others. For instance, the strategy on measuring business wastes, reduction of wastes that go to landfill and identification of waste material collectors for recycling purposes are some of the strategies that may cost less for the business. However, the strategy on implementation of waste material collection systems, identification and participation in waste material contracts and programs will be more costly for the business. This is simply because the business will have to go out of its way to do a lot of research on the businesses, their industries, and types of wastes produced and be able to adhere to various legal rules and regulations governing the industry and the country at large. According to Pittman and Wilhelm, 2007, this basically will cause an effect to the businesss financ ial status but also the countrys economic status. Conclusion Waste management is crucial practice for all businesses especially those whose operations will always lead to production of waste materials at any point. However, waste management practices are certainly different for every country, e.g. practices implemented in developed and developing countries, urban and rural areas, residential and industrial areas are all different. Generally, there are various ways to dispose business waste products e.g. incineration, recycling, reusing and reduction among others. These are the most common strategies to implement when the objective is to manage the waste produced during product production. However, different businesses and industries may implement different strategies depending with the type of waste produced especially in the current modern technological advanced world. In this assignment, Smart City Solutions Company is a waste management company that specializes on development and improvement of the common strategies of waste management by u se of technology. Therefore, it should certainly focus on implementing the best and most effective and efficient strategies that can help it get rid of the waste that any business produces during any operation. For instance in wood or furniture producing businesses, most of the wastes produced are mainly related to wood. Therefore, the best strategies for Smart City Solutions to implement are the ones listed above but with the use of their technology (software and hardware equipment), especially working with the paper industry in the region which is the best way to get rid of and make use of waste products in a positive manner. References https://www.wasteexpoaustralia.com.au/en/Exhibitors/3241175/Smart-City-Solutions Bergeron, F.C., 2016. Energy and climate impact assessment of waste wood recovery in Switzerland.Biomass and Bioenergy,94, pp.245-257. Cordeiro, J.J., Sarkis, J., Vazquez-Brust, D., Frater, L. and Dijkshoorn, J., 2012. An evaluation of technical efficiency and managerial correlates of solid waste management by Welsh SMEs using parametric and non-parametric techniques.Journal of the Operational Research Society,63(5), pp.653-664. Daian, G. and Ozarska, B., 2009. Wood waste management practices and strategies to increase sustainability standards in the Australian wooden furniture manufacturing sector.Journal of Cleaner Production,17(17), pp.1594-1602. Deac, T., RO?, V. and DEAC, M., 2011. An energy analysis of the sawdust pelletizing process: a systemic approach.Research Journal of Agricultural Science,43(1), pp.312-319. Koskela, M., 2011. Expert views on environmental impacts and their measurementing the forest industry.Journal of Cleaner Production,19(12), pp.1365-1376. Li, M., 2012.A waste management system for small and medium enterprises engaged in office building retrofit projects(Doctoral dissertation, Queensland University of Technology). Murphy, J.A., Smith, P.M. and Wiedenbeck, J., 2007. Wood residue utilization in Pennsylvania: 1988 vs. 2003.Forest products journal,57(4), p.101. Pittman, J. and Wilhelm, K., 2007. New economic and financial indicators of sustainability.New Directions for Institutional Research,2007(134), pp.55-69. Qian, W. and Burritt, R., 2007. Environmental accounting for waste management: A study of local governments in Australia.The Environmentalist,27(1), pp.143-154. Redmond, J., Walker, E. and Wang, C., 2008. Issues for small businesses with waste management.Journal of environmental management,88(2), pp.275-285. Redmond, J., Walker, E.A., Parker, C.M. and Simpson, M., 2014. Australian SMEs waste to landfill.Australasian journal of environmental management,21(3), pp.297-310. Snchez-Medina, A.J., Romero-Quintero, L. and Sosa-Cabrera, S., 2014. Environmental management in small and medium-sized companies: an analysis from the perspective of the theory of planned behavior.PloS one,9(2), p.e88504. Shazwin, T.M. and Nakagoshi, N., 2010. Sustainable waste management through international cooperation: review of comprehensive waste management technique and training course.J. Int. Dev. Coop,16(1), pp.23-33. Top, Y., 2015. Waste generation and utilisation in micro-sized furniture-manufacturing enterprises in Turkey.Waste Management,35, pp.3-11. Walker, E., Redmond, J. and Wang, C., 2008. Waste recycling: local methods for successful interaction with small business.International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development,7(4), pp.363-382. Yigitcanlar, T., 2016.Technology and the city: systems, applications and implications(Vol. 99). Routledge. Zsolnai, L., Junghagen, S. and Tencati, A., 2012. Redefining the roles and duties of management.Journal of Global Responsibility,3(1), pp.121-133.

US Democracy Essay Example For Students

US Democracy Essay Is the Unites States Political System a Legitimate Democracy In any system whichclaims to be democratic, a question of its legitimacy remains. A trulydemocratic political system has certain characteristics which prove itslegitimacy with their existence. One essential characteristic of a legitimatedemocracy is that it allows people to freely make choices without governmentintervention. Another necessary characteristic which legitimates government isthat every vote must count equally: one vote for every person. For this equalityto occur, all people must be subject to the same laws, have equal civil rights,and be allowed to freely express their ideas. Minority rights are also crucialin a legitimate democracy. No matter how unpopular their views, all peopleshould enjoy the freedoms of speech, press and assembly. Public policy should bemade publicly, not secretly, and regularly scheduled elections should be held. We will write a custom essay on US Democracy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Since legitimacy may be defined as the feeling or opinion thepeople have that government is based upon morally defensible principles and thatthey should therefore obey it, then there must necessarily be a connectionbetween what the people want and what the government is doing if legitimacy isto occur. The U.S. government may be considered legitimate in some aspects, andillegitimate in others. Because voting is class-biased, it may not be classifiedas a completely legitimate process. Although in theory the American system callsfor one vote per person, the low rate of turnout results in the upper and middleclasses ultimately choosing candidates for the entire nation. Class isdetermined by income and education, and differing levels of these two factorscan help explain why class bias occurs. For example, because educated peopletend to understand politics more, they are more likely to vote. People with highincome and education also have more resources, and poor people tend to have lowpoli tical efficacy (feelings of low self-worth). Turnout, therefore, is low and,since the early 1960s, has been declining overall. Thewinner-take-all system in elections may be criticized for beingundemocratic because the proportion of people agreeing with a particularcandidate on a certain issue may not be adequately represented under thissystem. For example, a candidate who gets 40 percent of the vote, as longas he gets more votes than any other candidate, can be elected?even thoughsixty percent of the voters voted against him(Lind, 314). Politicalparties in America are weak due to the anti-party, anti-organization, andanti-politics cultural prejudices of the Classical Liberals. Because in the U.S. there is no national discipline to force citizens into identifying with apolitical party, partisan identification tends to be an informal psychologicalcommitment to a party. This informality allows people to be apathetic if theywish, willingly giving up their input into the political process. Though thisapathy is the result of greater freedom in America than in other countries, itultimately decreases citizens incentive to express their opinions aboutissues, therefore making democracy less legitimate. Private interests distortpublic policy making because, when making decisions, politicians must takeaccount of campaign contributors. An interest may be defined asany involvement in anything that affects the economic, social, oremotional well-being of a person. When interests become organized intogroups, then politicians may become biased due to their influences. Special interests buy favors from congressmen and presidents throughpolitical action committees (PACs), devices by which groups like corporations,professional associations, trade unions, investment banking groups?can pooltheir money and give up to $10,000 per election to each House and Senatecandidate(Lind, 157). Consequently, those people who do not becomeorganized into interest groups are likely to be underrepresented financially. .u346011a60add8f891eee4660f2da19a1 , .u346011a60add8f891eee4660f2da19a1 .postImageUrl , .u346011a60add8f891eee4660f2da19a1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u346011a60add8f891eee4660f2da19a1 , .u346011a60add8f891eee4660f2da19a1:hover , .u346011a60add8f891eee4660f2da19a1:visited , .u346011a60add8f891eee4660f2da19a1:active { border:0!important; } .u346011a60add8f891eee4660f2da19a1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u346011a60add8f891eee4660f2da19a1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u346011a60add8f891eee4660f2da19a1:active , .u346011a60add8f891eee4660f2da19a1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u346011a60add8f891eee4660f2da19a1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u346011a60add8f891eee4660f2da19a1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u346011a60add8f891eee4660f2da19a1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u346011a60add8f891eee4660f2da19a1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u346011a60add8f891eee4660f2da19a1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u346011a60add8f891eee4660f2da19a1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u346011a60add8f891eee4660f2da19a1 .u346011a60add8f891eee4660f2da19a1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u346011a60add8f891eee4660f2da19a1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Juvenile Delinquents Argumentative EssayThis leads to further inequality and, therefore, greater illegitimacy in thedemocratic system. The method in which we elect the President is fairlylegitimate. The electoral college consists of representatives who we elect, whothen elect the President. Because this fills the requirement of regularlyscheduled elections, it is a legitimate process. The President is extremelypowerful in foreign policy making; so powerful that scholars now speak of theImperial Presidency, implying that the President runs foreign policyas an emperor. The President is the chief diplomat, negotiator of treaties, andcommander-in-chief of the armed forces. The re has been a steady growth of thePresidents power since World War II. This abundance of foreign Presidentialpower may cause one to believe that our democratic system is not legitimate. However, Presidential power in domestic affairs is limited. Therefore, thoughthe President is very powerful in certain areas, the term ImperialPresidency is not applicable in all areas. The election process ofCongress is legitimate because Senators and Representatives are elected directlyby the people. Power in Congress is usually determined by the seniority system. In the majority party (the party which controls Congress), the person who hasserved the longest has the most power. The problem with the seniority system isthat power is not based on elections or on who is most qualified to be in aposition of authority. Congress is also paradoxical because, while it is good atserving particular individual interests, it is bad at serving the generalinterest (due to its fragmented structure of committees and sub-committees). Themanner in which Supreme Court Justices are elected is not democratic becausethey are appointed by the President for lifelong terms, rather than in regularlyscheduled elections. There is a non-political myth that the onlything that Judges do is apply rules neutrally. In actuality, they interpret lawsand the Constitution using their power of judicial review, the power explicitlygiven to them in Marbury v. Madison. Though it has been termed theimperial judiciary by some, the courts are the weakest branch ofgovernment because they d epend upon the compliance of the other branches forenforcement of the laws. The bureaucracy is not democratic for many reasons. Thekey features of a bureaucracy are that they are large, specialized, run byofficial and fixed rules, relatively free from outside control, run on ahierarchy, and they must keep written records of everything they do. Bureaucracies focus on rules, but their members are unhappy when the rules areexposed to the public. Bureaucracies violate the requirement of a legitimatedemocracy that public policy must be made publicly, not secretly. To be hired ina bureaucracy, a person must take a civil service exam. People working inbureaucracies may also only be fired under extreme circumstances. This usuallyleads to the Peter Principle; that people who are competent at theirjobs are promoted until they are in jobs in which they are no longer competent. Policy making may be considered democratic to an extent. The public tends to getits way about 60% of the time. Because one of the key legitimating factors ofgovernment is a connection between what it does and what the public wants,policy making can be considered 60% legitimate. Furthermore, most of what thefederal government does never reaches the public. Public opinion polls representthe small percentage of issues that people have heard about. Though theindividual workings of the American government may not be particularlydemocratic, it must be somewhat legitimate overall because without legitimacy,government fails. However, the people who run for and win public officeare not necessarily the most intelligent, best informed, wealthiest, or mostsuccessful business or professional people. At all levels of the politicalsystem,it is the most politically ambitious people who are willing tosacrifice time, family and private life, and energy and effort for the power andcelebrity that comes with public office(Dye, 58-59). The legitimacy of theUnited States government is limited, but in a system of government which wasdesigned not to work, complete democracy is most likely impossible. .ubf9e4f6f1be027f93ccdf326b107bf3f , .ubf9e4f6f1be027f93ccdf326b107bf3f .postImageUrl , .ubf9e4f6f1be027f93ccdf326b107bf3f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubf9e4f6f1be027f93ccdf326b107bf3f , .ubf9e4f6f1be027f93ccdf326b107bf3f:hover , .ubf9e4f6f1be027f93ccdf326b107bf3f:visited , .ubf9e4f6f1be027f93ccdf326b107bf3f:active { border:0!important; } .ubf9e4f6f1be027f93ccdf326b107bf3f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubf9e4f6f1be027f93ccdf326b107bf3f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubf9e4f6f1be027f93ccdf326b107bf3f:active , .ubf9e4f6f1be027f93ccdf326b107bf3f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubf9e4f6f1be027f93ccdf326b107bf3f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubf9e4f6f1be027f93ccdf326b107bf3f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubf9e4f6f1be027f93ccdf326b107bf3f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubf9e4f6f1be027f93ccdf326b107bf3f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubf9e4f6f1be027f93ccdf326b107bf3f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubf9e4f6f1be027f93ccdf326b107bf3f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubf9e4f6f1be027f93ccdf326b107bf3f .ubf9e4f6f1be027f93ccdf326b107bf3f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubf9e4f6f1be027f93ccdf326b107bf3f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: alcohol and nutrition EssayBibliographyDye, Thomas R. Whos Running America? The Clinton Years. Englewood Cliffs,New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1995. Lind, Michael. The Next American Nation: TheNew Nationalism and the Fourth American Revolution. New York: The Free Press,1995.

A Psychological view of Fight essays

A Psychological view of Fight essays Fight Club is about a man named Jack, who like most of the men his age today, feel trapped in the working class. Jack is very stressed out and has been suffering from insomnia for 6 months. He is 30 years old and employed as a recall coordinator for a major car company. Jack lives in a condo full of expensive furniture which he says, defines him as a person. Even with all of the comforts of modern society that fill his condo he is unhappy, unsatisfied and sleep deprived. He goes to his doctor for insomnia and narcolepsy complaining that he wakes up and doesnt remember how he got there sometimes. He asks for drugs from his doctor but is denied. His doctor tells him if he wants to see real pain to visit the testicular cancer support group at a local church. When Jack attends this group he finds he can let go and cry even though he doesnt have testicular cancer. Jack says, losing all hope equals freedom. That night he goes home and sleeps like a baby. Rather quickly Jack became addicted to support groups. He attended groups for sufferers of brain parasites, blood parasites, tuberculosis, cancer, sickle cell, and melanoma. Jack feels that if people thought you were dying they gave you their full attention instead of simply waiting for there turn to talk. Jack continues to visit these support groups and is feeling much better until he meets Marla Singer. Marla is also a faker, or as Jack says a tourist. When Marla was there, Jack could not fully express himself because he knew Marla was a faker too. So he couldnt sleep again. They agreed to split the days and exchanged numbers in case one Jacks job required him to go on many business trips and on these trips Jack concluded that everything on a plane is single serving from the food to the friends. On one flight Jack awakens to find Tyler Durdan sitting next to hi...

2 QUESTIONS IN CRIMINOLOGY Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

2 QUESTIONS IN CRIMINOLOGY - Coursework Example And yet, he had managed to throw one of the most peaceful and stable countries in the world in a state of utter shock and disarray. An important lesson that this teaches us is that the criminal mind is constantly evolving and characterizations of criminals can change faster than we think. It is important therefore that the research continues and adapts to the changing times. (Ellis, Hartley, Walsh: 2010). Let me argue three specific reasons as to why criminal justice research is of utmost importance. First, modern technology has given criminals more weapons than ever before and also, more opportunities to commit their crimes. The internet, which just two decades ago, was not seen as a vehicle to commit crime is now a favorite haunt of criminals – from con artists embezzling money from gullible individuals, to pedophiles preying on unsuspecting children or selling child pornography, to even identity theft. Hence, if law enforcement wants to keep with the times, it has to keep abreast of this new technology. Even new ammunition, such as new bomb-making techniques, are developing by the day. Law enforcement will be at a loss if it fails to be apprised of these new developments. Second, the profiles of criminal offenders are constantly changing. For example, new research has surfaced disputing the conventional notion that crime is more often than not committed by young men. In fact, in a study published in the Journal of Criminal Justice Research it was found that â€Å"offenders aged 25 and over were responsible for the majority of the crime.† (Diplock and Pleckas: 2010: 1). Criminal justice research must be knowledgeable in these trends in order to do better law enforcement. Thirdly, criminal laws are constantly changing, and procedural due process guidelines can be different now than they were before. Hence, legal updating is in order to ensure that law enforcement officials do not overstep their boundaries or otherwise act in a manner

Technologies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Technologies - Assignment Example Recently gaming is being developed to run on web based platforms usually through cloud frameworks. All these are just but a few of the approaches the web dimension is availing to provide alternative solutions to stand alone systems. Overview The Sanix case study Sanix is a major accounting firm with that deals with auditing of accounts for both medium and small scale enterprises (SME). At the moment they rely in their distributed branches situated in major cities in United Kingdom. These branches are more specifically located in Bristol, Chester, Derby, Leeds, Westminster and London which is the company’s headquarters. At the onset of automating its accounting business, Sanix outsourced development of its accounting software from Brists Software, a company that is a major software developer for large enterprise system. The software was fully licensed to Sanix and it was to facilitate the processing of accounting figures, generate graphical reports and charts, carry out financi al analysis and keep track of all audited contracts. A copy of the software was distributed to all branches and performed its roles independently. Because the system was incorporated almost 10 years ago, Sanix have felt that the system has fallen short of addressing its new challenges. This has been greatly outweighed by new taxation policies and rates that have been introduced in the recent times by U.K government and which its legacy accounting system does not support. Furthermore Sanix have been outstretched by the accumulated data they handle that works beyond the system’s capacity which demands not only a scalable system but also a networked environment. Recently Sanix have also spread its operations to four other smaller towns in remote U.K and mangling these new centers has become rigid and cumbersome. This is accrued to the lack of real time based accounting systems. All these have created bureaucratic tendencies in how they track contracts as well as added costs in e mploying more IT personnel to support their systems from distributed points. Convectional organization of current system The diagram below describes how Sanix’s present accounting system operates Analysis of the problem From Sanix problem statement, with regards to the use of their convectional desktop based software, there are several needs that present itself. These are: the need for scalability that is the need for a system that accommodates flexibility as requirements evolve over time. Secondly is the need for control (Grove, 2009 ). This requires a system that supports a distributed operation but one which can be handled from a centralized point of view. Also the need for a cost effective solution that is affordable to acquire and maintain. Web-based Application as a solution Suitability of web based approach Web based approach comes along with immense solutions that justifies itself as the best option to Sanix’s operation challenges. These are as follows: First o f all web based applications are cross platform. This is unlike the use of traditional installed software that has to be developed exclusively on given operating system. In this case Sanix have been running their accounting software on windows XP platform (Vincent Wade, 2006). This has often forced the company to rely on window based operating systems in order for its systems’ to run. With the adoption of a web based applica

International Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Economics - Assignment Example Depreciation increases operation and running costs of an organization, especially if it has a lot of imports or outsourced employees. The real exchange rate between the United States and Europe is given by ÃŽ µ. Consider a scenario in which the nominal exchange rate depreciates by 3%, while the price level in Europe increased by 5% and in the United States, it goes up by 2%. What happens to the real exchange rate? In Munich a bratwurst costs 5 euros, a hot dog costs 4$ at Boston’s Fenway Park. At an exchange rate of 1.05 $ per euro, what is the price of a bratwurst in terms of a hot dog? All else equal, how does this relative price change if the dollar depreciates to 1.25$ per euro? Compared with the initial situation, has a hot dog become more or less expensive relative to a bratwurst? Spain and Germany trade a lot between each other. Germany is running an inflation – low, but inflation – and Spain a deflation. Discuss what is expected to happen with the nominal and the real exchange rates between them. The nominal exchange rates of Germany will decrease while the nominal exchange rates for Spain will increase. This is because an increase in commodity prices will cause an increase in the foreign income that is required to purchase local products. The vice versa is true for Spain where a decrease in the price of commodities will reduce the amount of income earned from foreign countries to buy local products. The real exchange rates of Germany will increase. This is because the real exchange rates appreciate an increase in product prices. On the other hand, the real exchange rates of Spain will decrease. This is because real exchange rates depreciate with an increase in product prices.

Characteristics of oligopoly market and the supermarket industry in the UK

Characteristics of oligopoly market and the supermarket industry in the UK The supermarket industry in the UK -Oligopoly Market The leading supermarkets in the UK commonly are known as the big 4, Tesco, Sainsbury, Asda and Morrisons. (oppapers, n.d) It is not doubt that the UK supermarket industry is an oligopoly market because the industry fits the characteristics of the oligopoly. According to Anderton (2008: 322), An oligopolistic market is one where a small number of interdependent firms compete with each other. The UK supermarket industry is a dominant example of it. Anderton also points out oligopolistic market share a number of characteristics that the industry fits of them. First, there are only four large supermarkets in the market. Second, barriers to entry tend to be high. Third, competition in the UK supermarket industry tends to take the form of non-price competition. Fourth, firms are interdependent. For example, the actions of Tesco will have a direct impact on other forms. Some researches show that supermarkets in the UK have advantages for consumers, which include more products that are funct ional and special service such as home shopping service. However, this market structure creates a situation that is more disadvantages for consumers as collusion and high market share. The noted benefits of the market structure for consumers are the innovations of the industry and economies of scale. First, as AmosWEB (n.d) indicates that the innovations such as advance the level of technology, expand production function, increase economic growth are likely been developed by oligopoly and the motive of innovations comes from interdependent competition. According to the Anderton (2008:328), Supermarkets keep a close eye on the activities of other firms in the industry. Anderton (2008:328) also points out, the kinked demand curve model below assumes that if one firm increases its price, the other firms will react asymmetrically to a change in the price. As a result, the supermarket would not increase their price to earn more profits. Therefore, prices in oligopolistic markets seem not to change as much as perfectly competitive markets, which call price rigidity. (Anderton, 2008:323) The supermarket have to innovate so that they can improve their technology such as se lf-scanning machines, create some new productions for consumers and lead them to higher living standards. Secondly, non-price competition is a main characteristic of the UK supermarket industry and has some advantages for consumers. In oligopoly, the marketing mix is epitomized in the 4Ps- price, place, product and promotion. If one firm in this marketing structure wants to earn more profits, it has to take away sales from other firms. Thus, supermarkets will tend to produce products, which needed for their consumers, and offer some special services. According to tutor2u (n.d), there are some examples can show that consumers have benefit from it. For instance, store loyalty cards, home delivery systems, discounted petrol at hyper-markets, extension of opening hours (24 hour shopping in many stores) and internet shopping for consumers. As Supermarket (2008) found that Asda continued to improve its home shopping service. Asda is the UKs second biggest food home shopping business online and now covers more than 90% of the UK population. In order to meet demand in Christmas, Asda has increas ed plenty of delivery slots by 40% compared to 2007. Non-food products are also been offering to on-line shoppers by the supermarket in the UK. Therefore, the UK supermarkets indeed have benefit for consumers. However, the UK supermarket industry has several problems. The main disadvantage for the consumers is collusion. If one firm wants to increase the price in this market structure, it will not gain more profit because other firm will not react. As a result, firms may collude to set price. Collusion is two or more firms secretly agreed to control the prices, production or other aspects of the market. When the firms do so, collusion means the firms behavior tend to be a monopoly. Thus, they can set a monopoly price monopoly quantity produced, and allocate resources are inefficiently as monopoly. (Anderton, 2008:323) Major supermarkets in the UK have large amounts of power and may even collude to set prices, which is illegal. If the firms collude to set price, consumers need to worry about not only the high prices but also the possibility of a low quality product. As Harry (2007) reported that according to the Office of Fair Trading, Britains biggest supermarkets have been fixing the prices of milk, butter and cheese at a cost to the consumer of  £270 million. Because of colluding with five leading dairy producers to raise the prices of milk, butter and cheese between 2002 and 2003, Asda, Morrisons, Safeway, Sainsburys and Tesco were accused by the OFT. Andrew Groves, the leader of OFT investigation, said that Collusion between retailers is a serious illegal behavior and any exchange of information between retailers is certainly change prices so that the consumers become sufferers. (Harry, 2007) As Barriers to entry in the supermarket industry are extremely high, four main UK supermarkets have sharing the massive market. Small retailers are hard to compete with large supermarkets and survive although the government will incentives them such as grants and tax relief. (Socyberty, 2007) Alexander (2008) points out that the High Street 2015 reported the erosion of the small shop is likely to have a catastrophic impact on future consumer choice. Consumers will be the biggest losers because limited choice of store brands, limited choice of available products, and limited choice of shopping locations, higher prices and reduced consumer service are the possibilities in 2015. Therefore, consumers choice is reducing and may lose their benefits. To sum up, the supermarket industry in the UK is less to the benefit of consumers. The firms in the supermarket industry are able to collude and set price. It is bad for the market to adjust the price. The demise of the small shop would mean that consumers would be disadvantaged. However, in oligopoly market, not all the structure is bad for the consumers. The market competition between the supermarkets can improve the technology in logistics and creations new productions to decrease the cost. If the government interventions are able to use more efficient to prevent collusion, then the price of the production will be more stable and available. If the government can have more policy to protect the small shop for the convenience of consumer, the supermarket industry will be more benefit to the consumer. References Alexander, A; Bailey, A; Hamlett, J and Shaw, G (2008) [Online] Regulating UK supermarkets: an oral-history perspective http://www.historyandpolicy.org/papers/policy-paper-70.html (Accessed: 25th February 2010) AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia (n.d) [Online] oligopoly http://www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpdc=dspk=oligopoly (Accessed: 4th February 2010) Anderton, A. (2008). Economics (5th Edition) Harlow: Pearson Education Harry W (2007) [Online] UK supermarkets fixed milk and cheese prices 2007 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1563663/UK-supermarkets-fixed-milk-and-cheese-prices.html (Accessed: 7th February 2010) Socyberty (2007) [Online] Government Intervention In The UK Supermarket Industry http://socyberty.com/economics/government-intervention-in-the-uk-supermarket-industry/ (Accessed: 25th February 2010) Supermarket (2008) [Online] Middle class bargain hunters boost sales at Asda http://www.supermarket.co.za/news_detail.asp?ID=1082 (Accessed: 6th February 2010) Tutor2u (2004) [Online] A2 Economics http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/revision_focus_2004/A2_Oligopoly.pdf) (Accessed: 7th February 2010) Tutor2u (n.d) [Online] oligopoly http://tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/monopoly/oligopoly_notes.htm (Accessed: 6th February 2010) Uk Grocery Market (n.d) [Online] Uk Grocery Market http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Uk-Grocery-Market/157719 (Accessed: 30th January 2010)

Where is The God of Justice :: essays research papers fc

Why do thousands of God fearing Latin American Christians for instance, languish in the slums in abject poverty, while the drug cartels enjoy tequila and Cuban cigars? A few months ago there was a news report that a Missionary couple of Wycliffe Bible Translators, working the forests of Guyana had been brutally murdered. In third world countries in particular there is a marked, observable distinction between the lower, middle and upper classes. As one examines the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“haveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“have notà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? from a religious perspective it often seems to be the case that those who are highly religious or shall we say those who are godly often tend to find themselves at the lower end of the economic ladder while those whose lifestyles are divergent from Biblical norms seem to be flourishing. This observation is no new phenomenon however. The Psalmist David raised series questions about it in Psalm 73, Job raises a lament about it in Job 21: 7 -25 and the prophet Habakkuk contemplates it in Habakkuk 1:13. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ Habakkuk asks, how can Yahweh, whose eyes are too pure to behold evil, allow the wicked to swallow someone more righteous than he? Why do the wicked prosper?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? The question of the prosperity of the wicked is a question of theodicy (vindication of divine providence in view of the existence of evil). It is central to section of the Bible under review, Malachi 2:17 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 3:5. According to The Expositorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Bible Commentary , unlike most other prophets Malachi mentioned no dateable person or events in his brief prophecy. Clues to the origin and time of his book must therefore come from the text and its implications. It has always been placed last in the minor prophets. The Talmud regularly classes the book among the postexilic prophets. The contents of the book suggest that it was written some time after Ezra. Some of the exiles had returned, the temple had been rebuilt and the sacrificial system had been reestablished to the point that where it was being abused- a matter which Malachi addressed at length. The city of Jerusalem had returned to a substantial degree of normalcy; and the inevitable lethargy, laxity and leniency in spiritual matters had developed. It is to this declining state of affairs that the prophet addressed himself. Nothing is known of Malachi apart from his book. Even his name is questioned . Some take it to be a title rather than a proper name.

Mold Experiment

Bread Mold Experiment Mold is something that we often take for granted, as something that makes us have to throw the bread away or the cheese smell bad. Mold is, in fact, a fascinating organism which has had many different uses over the years and our lives would not be the same without it. Most of us know that food seems to become moldy more quickly in the summer than in the winter when it is colder. Food in refrigerators seems to keep longer than food left out in the sun. Is this true? Does temperature really affect the rate at which mold grows? Mold grows quicker at higher temperatures.Companies pay large sums of money in maintaining food refrigerated in house and on transport, so it is essential for them to know under what conditions and temperature mold grows or it is contained. Mold is often looked as something negative, but mold it is found in different products that we use in our daily life. Some of these products are cheese, soy sauce, medicine, etc†¦ Mold is a fungus wh ich grows in food and other organic products which extract the nutrients of these organic products for growth. Alexander Fleming discovered that common mold killed germs.From this common mold he made a medicine that he called Penicillin and some other medicines are made from chemicals derived from mold. This discovery was discovered by pure accident, it is described that he was cleaning his work area when he discovered it, â€Å"Some mold was growing on one of the dishes†¦ not too unusual, but all around the mold, the staph bacteria had been killed†¦ very unusual. He took a sample of the mold. He found that it was from the penicillium family, later specified as Penicillium notatum. Fleming presented his findings in 1929, but they raised little interest.He published a report on penicillin and its potential uses in the British Journal of Experimental Pathology. † (â€Å"Fleming discovers penicillin,† 1998) Mold grows faster under hot conditions. As the data wil l show from the experiment conducted over 10 days, mold grows at a faster pace when the product is exposed outside temperature (OT) which is from 90-100 Fahrenheit . Below are the tools, products and method needed to conduct the experiment. It is important to be aware of dependent, independent and controlled variables as the experiment is executed.A dependent variable is a variable that is link to the dependent variable in order to exist. And independent variable is the one ‘YOU’ can manipulate. Last, a controlled variable is the constant variable of the experiments. For example, Light is one of our independent variables so in order to keep it constant, the Room Temperature (RT), which is 70-75 Fahrenheit and the OT product was cover with a towel during the entire time the experiment was being conducted. The freezer (F) product, which is 32 – 35 Fahrenheit, was not covered due to the fact that it was contained in the freezer and is not able to received sunlight.I n order to minimize threat reduction validity, the measurement of the product was done equally with all pieces of bread. Bags were of the same brand and size and the bread slices were all members of the same package. Another factor to consider is being able to record quantitative data, by quantitative data is meant results that can be measure and collected in order to verify or disproof the hypothesis of such experiment. What is needed for the Mold Bread Experiment  ·15 slices of bread. Make sure all slices come out from the same bag of bread and all of them are similar size, weight and thickness.Make sure you write down the name of the brand and  ·Use-by- date and the date of the experiment. This is to create record of how many days were remaining from the experiment date to use-by date.  ·Use 15 bags-make sure they seal and are from the same brand.  ·Clean knife  ·Chopping board or cutting surface  ·Adhesive labels  ·Pen or marker  ·Mask  ·Gloves  ·Notebook  ·Pen  ·Thermometer  ·Ruler Method(steps) Use the labels in order to label the bags and use the marker to do so. Mark 5 of the bags with an â€Å"F† for Freezer, mark another 5 bags with â€Å"RT† for room temperature and 5 more bags with â€Å"OT† for outside temperature. Cut the bread in 10X10 using the copping board and the knife. It is important that all the squares have the same measurement.  ·Introduce each bread slide into the plastic bags and make sure they get sealed.  ·Place the 5 bags labeled as â€Å"F† in the freezer, 5 bags labeled â€Å"RT† on the kitchen counter and 5 bags labeled â€Å"OT† in open climate(Outside)  ·Use the thermometer in order to record the temperature for the three different types of climates where the bread will be placed.  ·Make sure the â€Å"RT† bags and â€Å"OT† bags are covered with a towel so light can be a constant factor. Check the bags every 24-36 hrs in order to check f or mold.  ·Average of the pieces of bread with mold can be used to record the daily results  ·Record the mold grow every day in a table using your notebook  ·This process should be repeated for 10 days and record the results.  · Measure the results for labels â€Å"F†, â€Å"RT† and â€Å"OT† are documented accordingly.  ·When the experiment is completed make sure to dispose of the bags without opening them. Type of Bread|Day1 %|Day 2%|Day3%|Day4%|Day5%|Day6%|Day7%|Day8%|Day9%|Day10%| F|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0| RT|0|0|0|0|2%|7%|10%|12%|16%|20%|OT|0|4%|7%|15%|25%|35%|50%|60%|70%|85%| Results Because each square of bread is 100 cm2, you can express your results as a percentage. For each of the bread types, â€Å"F†, â€Å"RT† or â€Å"OT† average the amount of mold grown over the ten days by measuring the mold grown over all five slices of bread per bread type and write these figures into a table. Include the average as a percent of all 5 pieces of bread by bread type into a table then transfer this information into a graph. You can then place this information into a graph and begin to explore the results.You can place the amount of mold on each bread sample and compare it to the number of days, like in the diagram below. This can be done with a sheet of graph paper and colored pens or on a computer. As it is recorded in the chart above, mold grows faster under hot conditions. But that is not all, mold grows twice and sometimes three times faster than the rate of mold grown at room temperature and the one in the freezer. Bread in the freezer was at 32F and no mold was shown in the product. This data tells us that freezing conditions help prevent the growth of mold.The results of this experiment confirm the hypothesis described above, mold grows faster under hot environment. The focus of experimental design consists in planning an investigation in something that naturally happens in nature by the manipulation of a s pecific variable. By conducting these types of experiments, scientists are able to understand and cause an effect of a particular inquiry at hand. It helps understand how the manipulation of variables will enhance or affect the natural order of things.Many great discoveries, new medicines and treatments have been recorded and science and technology have advance immensely by applying these methods as experiments are conducted. Any one else following the method specified above can replicate this experiment and receive the same results, by being able to replicate the experiment, it evaluates and gives validity to the recorded data and the findings . Fleming discovers penecilin. (1998). Retrieved from http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dm28pe. html

Life and Travels of Ibn Battuta, World Explorer and Writer

Life and Travels of Ibn Battuta, World Explorer and Writer Ibn Battuta (1304–1368) was a scholar, theologian, adventurer, and traveler who, like Marco Polo fifty years earlier, wandered the world and wrote about it. Battuta sailed, rode camels and horses, and walked his way to 44 different modern countries, traveling an estimated 75,000 miles during a 29 year period. He journeyed from North Africa to the Middle East and Western Asia, Africa, India and Southeast Asia. Fast Facts: Ibn Battuta Name: Ibn BattutaKnown For: His travel writing, which described the 75,000-mile journey he took during his rilha.Born: February 24, 1304, Tangier, MoroccoDied: 1368 in Morocco  Education: Schooled in the Maliki tradition of Islamic lawPublished Works: A Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Travelling or The Travels (1368 Early Years Ibn Battuta (sometimes spelled Batuta, Batouta, or Battutah) was born in Tangier, Morocco on February 24, 1304. He was from a fairly well-to-do family of Islamic legal scholars descended from Berbers, an ethnic group indigenous to Morocco. A Sunni Muslim trained in the Maliki tradition of Islamic law, Ibn Battuta left his home at the age of 22 to begin his rihla, or voyage. Rihla is one of four forms of travel encouraged by Islam, the best known of which is Hajj, the pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina. The term rihla refers to both the travel and the genre of literature that describes the journey. The purpose of rihla is to enlighten and entertain readers with detailed descriptions of pious institutions, public monuments and religious personalities of Islam. Ibn Battutas travelogue was written after he returned, and in it he stretched the conventions of the genre, including autobiography as well as some fictional elements from the adjaib or marvels traditions of Islamic literature.   The first seven years of Ibn Battutas Travels took him to Alexandria, Mecca, Medina, and Kilwa Kiswani.   Wikipedia Users Setting Off Ibn Battutas journey began from Tangier on June 14, 1325. Originally intending to make a pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, by the time he reached Alexandria in Egypt, where the lighthouse was still standing, he found himself entranced by the people and cultures of Islam.   He headed for Iraq, Western Persia, then Yemen and the Swahili coast of East Africa. By 1332 he reached Syria and Asia Minor, crossed the Black Sea and reached the territory of the Golden Horde. He visited the steppe region along the Silk Road and arrived at the oasis of Khwarizm in western central Asia.   Then he traveled through Transoxania and Afghanistan, arriving in the Indus Valley by 1335. He stayed in Delhi until 1342 and then visited Sumatra and (perhaps- the record is unclear) China before heading home. His return trip took him back through Sumatra, the Persian Gulf, Baghdad, Syria, Egypt, and Tunis. He reached Damascus in 1348, just in time for the arrival of the plague, and returned home to Tangier safe and sound in 1349. Afterwards, he made minor excursions to Granada and the Sahara, as well as to the West African kingdom of Mali. A Few Adventures Ibn Battuta was mostly interested in people. He met and talked with pearl divers and camel drivers and brigands. His traveling companions were pilgrims, merchants, and ambassadors. He visited countless courts. Ibn Battuta lived on donations from his patrons, mostly elite members of Muslim society he met along the way. But he was not just a traveler- he was an active participant, often employed as a judge (qadi), administrator, and/or ambassador during his stops. Battuta took a number of well-placed wives, generally daughters and sisters of the sultans, none of whom are named in the text.   Ibn Battuta is thought to have reached Asia.   Wikimedia Users Visiting Royalty Battuta met countless royals and elites. He was in Cairo during the reign of the Mamluk Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun. He visited Shiraz when it was an intellectual haven for Iranians fleeing the Mongol invasion. He stayed in the Armenian capital of Staryj Krym with his host, the governor Tuluktumur. He detoured to Constantinople to visit Andronicus III in the company of the Byzantine emperor Ozbek Khans daughter. He visited the Yuan emperor in China, and he visited Mansa Musa (r. 1307–1337) in West Africa.   He spent eight years in India as a qadi in the court of Muhammad Tughluq, the Sultan of Delhi. In 1341, Tughluq appointed him to lead a diplomatic mission to the Mongol emperor of China. The expedition was shipwrecked off the coast of India leaving him with neither employment nor resources, so he traveled around southern India, Ceylon and the Maldive islands, where he served as qadi under the local Muslim government. History of the Literary Rilha In 1536, after Ibn Battuta returned home,  the Marinid ruler of Morocco Sultan Abu Ina commissioned a young literary scholar of Andalusian origins named Ibn Juzayy (or Ibn Djuzzayy) to record Ibn Battutas experiences and observations. Over the next two years together, the men wove what would become the Book of Travels, based primarily on Ibn Battutas memories, but also interweaving descriptions from earlier writers.   The manuscript was circulated around different Islamic countries, but not much cited by Muslim scholars. It eventually came to the attention of the west by way of two adventurers of the 18th and 19th centuries, Ulrich Jasper Seetzen (1767–1811) and Johan Ludwig Burckhardt (1784–1817). They had separately purchased abridged copies during their travels throughout the Mideast. The first English language translation of those copies was published in 1829 by Samuel Lee. Five manuscripts were found by the French when they conquered Algeria in 1830. The most complete copy recovered in Algiers was made in 1776, but the oldest fragment was dated 1356. That fragment had the title Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Traveling, and is believed to have been a very early copy indeed if not an original fragment.   The complete text of the travels, with  parallel Arabic and a French translation, first appeared in four volumes between 1853–1858 by Dufrà ©mery and Sanguinetti. The full text was translated first into English by Hamilton A.R. Gibb in 1929. Several subsequent translations are available today.   Criticism of the Travelogue Ibn Battuta recounted tales of his travels throughout his voyage and when he returned home, but it was not until his association with Ibn Jazayy that the stories were committed to formal writing. Battuta took notes during the journey but admitted that he lost some of them along the way. He was accused of lying by some contemporaries, though the veracity of those claims is widely disputed. Modern critics have noted several textual discrepancies which hint at substantial borrowing from older tales.   Much of the criticism of Battutas writing is aimed at the sometimes confusing chronology and plausibility of certain parts of the itinerary. Some critics suggest he may have never reached mainland China, but did get as far as Vietnam and Cambodia. Parts of the story were borrowed from earlier writers, some attributed, others not, such as Ibn Jubary and Abu al-Baqa Khalid al-Balawi. Those borrowed parts include descriptions of Alexandria, Cairo, Medina, and Mecca. Ibn Battuta and Ibn Juzayy acknowledge Ibn Jubayr in the descriptions of Aleppo and Damascus.   He also relied on original sources, relating historical events told to him in the courts of the world, such as the capture of Delhi and the devastations of Genghis Khan. Death and Legacy After his collaboration with Ibn Jazayy ended, Ibn Batuta retired to a judicial post in a small Moroccan provincial town, where he died in 1368. Ibn Battuta has been called the greatest of all travel writers, having traveled farther than Marco Polo. In his work, he provided priceless glimpses of the various people, courts and religious monuments around the world. His travelogue has been the source of countless research projects and historical investigations. Even if some of the stories were borrowed, and some of the tales a bit too marvelous to be believed, Ibn Battutas rilha remains an enlightening and influential work of travel literature to this day. Sources Battuta, Ibn, Ibn Juzayy, and Hamilton A.R. Gibb. Ibn Battuta, Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354. London: Broadway House, 1929. Print.Berman, Nina. Questions of Context: Ibn Battuta and E. W. Bovill on Africa. Research in African Literatures 34.2 (2003): 199-205. Print.Gulati, G. D. Ibn Battuta in Transoxiana. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 58 (1997): 772-78. Print.Lee, Samuel. The Travels of Ibn Batuta Translated from the Abridged Arabic Manuscript Copies. London: Oriental Translation Committee, 1829. Print.Morgan, D. O. Battuta and the Mongols. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 11.1 (2001): 1-11. Print.Norris, Harry. Ibn Battuta on Muslims and Christians in the Crimean Peninsula. Iran the Caucasus 8.1 (2004): 7-14. Print.Waines, David. The Odyssey of Ibn Battuta: Uncommon Tales of a Medieval Adventurer. London: I.B. Tauris Cp, Ltd, 2010. Print.Zimonyi, Istvn. Ibn Battuta on the First Wife of Ãâ€"zbek Khan. Central Asiatic Journal 49.2 (2005): 303-09. Print.

Rubber Band Investigation Essay Example

Rubber Band Investigation Essay Example Rubber Band Investigation Paper Rubber Band Investigation Paper I am going to investigate the extension of a rubber band, which I will submit to increasing Newtons of force being applied in the form of 1N weights.PlanI will set the experiment up as follows:The rubber band will be attached to a retort stand, I will measure the starting size of the rubber band and then I will measure it three separate times adding 1N of force each time.I will continue this process until 10Ns where I shall stop, to avoid Hookes law coming into place.To make it a fair test we are repeating each level of force added 3 times, swapping the weights in between each measurement.We will take an average by adding the 3 results together and then dividing by the total amount of results. If any results which are anomalous or out of place occur I will retake these results to make a more accurate overall result.We aim discover a steady increase in the extension of the rubber band, as increasing amounts of force are applied.A key factor that needs to be controlled is how much the rubber band has been stretched from one set of 1-10 Newtons results to the next. Hopefully this will not be a problem because the rubber band will not reach its limit of elasticiticty until after 10 Newtons of force being applied.Extra InformationThe Law of elasticity discovered by the English scientist Robert Hooke in 1660, which states that, for relatively small deformations of an object, the displacement or size of the deformation is directly proportional to the deforming force or load. Under these conditions the object returns to its original shape and size upon removal of the load.Elastic behavior of solids according to Hookes law can be explained by the fact that small displacements of their constituent molecules, atoms, or ions from normal positions is also proportional to the force that causes the displacement.The deforming force may be applied to a solid by stretching, compressing, squeezing, bending, or twisting. So a rubber band exhibits elastic behavior according to Hook es law because the small increase in its length when stretched by an applied force doubles each time the force is doubled.Mathematically Hookes law states that the applied force F equals a constant k times the displacement or change in length x, or F = kx. The value of k depends not only on the kind of elastic material under consideration but also on its dimensions and shape.At relatively large values of applied force, the deformation of the elastic material is often larger than expected on the basis of Hookes law, even though the material remains elastic and returns to its original shape and size after removal of the force. Hookes law describes the elastic properties of materials only in the range in which the force and displacement are proportional. Sometimes Hookes law is formulated as F = -kx. In this expression F no longer means the applied force but rather the equal and oppositely directed restoring force that causes elastic materials to return to their original dimensions.No strict safety precautions need to be used only obvious light precautions are necessary, as the only potential danger would be if the rubber band snapped, however this will not happen if there is no more than the maximum load on the spring of 10N at any one time.This will also remove the problem of the stand on which the experiment is taking place from falling over.1. At this point the limit of proportionality has been reached this is where Hookes law is no longer accurate.2. This point is the rubber bands elastic limit if the force is removed from the bandit will no longer return to its original shape.Safety precautions* Be sure to keep your feet out of the area in which the masses will fall if the rubber band breaks!* Be sure to clamp the ring stand to the lab table, so that the mass does not pull it off the table.* You need to hang enough mass to the end of the spring to get a measurable stretch, but too much force will permanently damage the band.** Hookes Law says that the stret ch of a spring is directly proportional to the applied force. say Stress is In symbols, F = kx, where F is the force, x is the stretch, and k is a constant of proportionality. If Hookes Law is correct, then, the graph of force versus stretch will be a straight line.I will start with the zero end of the ruler even with the bottom of the rubber band when the spring scale is hanging on the rubber band. This will allow the change in length of the rubber band to be easily determined.Apparatus I will use:1 retort stand3 rubber bands10*1 Newton weightsRulerMy input variable is force in Newtons applied and my output variable is extension of rubber band.PredictionI predict that after 10 N of force has been applied to the rubber band it will reach its elastic limit and then it will start to follow Hookes law, where the amount the rubber band is stretched out of shape past its original size.I also predict that the greater the weight applied to the band, the further the band will stretch. This is because extension is proportional to load and so if load increases so does extension and so stretching distance.I also predict that the results will produce a straight-line graph and if I were to continue the experiment to further study the elastic limit I predict the graph would flatten out after 11 Newtons were the rubber band would be stretched out of shape, or Hookes law would come into play.Extension = New length Original lengthto see if my prediction is correct I will experiment, and obtain results using Hookes Law. He found that extension is proportional to the downward force acting on the rubber band.Hookes LawF=kxF = Force in Newtonk= Rubber band constant proportionalityx = Extension in CMMethod1. I set up the retort stand as shown in diagram 1 I put my blazer on the floor to protect the tiles in the case of the rubber band reaching its elastic limit and snapping.2. I also fastened the retort stand to the table with a clamp instead of my original plan of just weighing t he stand down with my textbooks!3. I measured the starting length of the elastic band and then hung the band form the claw of the retort stand , I then added increasing amounts of force by adding extra weights.4. I then measured the increase or extension of the rubber band from its original size.5. I then removed the weights and put them back on and then recorded the results to further times to get and average and a more accurate set of results.6. I then repeated this procedure for 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and 10 Newtons of force and measured the extension of the rubber band.7. I then decided to try to further investigate Hookes law by actually going past 10 Newtons of force to find the elastic limit of the rubber band, (when the rubber band snaps!)8. I then averaged out all my results and produce a graph, were I could see a line of best fit and prove my prediction was right.ConclusionAfter doing this investigation I was very happy with how it went, the practical was performed efficiently an d we even had time to add and experiment to test the rubber bands elastic limit.I proved the hypothesis to be correct and I also proved my prediction was an accurate prediction of what happened.I learnt a lot about Hookes law and elastic limits as a result of this investigation and I feel it was a worthwhile investigation in helping me to understand about elastic limits.By analysing my results I have proved my predication right that there will be an increase in the length of the rubber band as you increase the amounts of weights added.I was also completely correct that the rubber band would have limit of elasticity at about 10N of force where it will be permanently out of shape this increase in rubber band size did occur as predicted.The thing that Surprised me about my final results was the fact that the bands did not snap until 13.5Newtons of force were applied, I predicted the limit of the bands to be in the region of 10-12Newtons of force, not 13.5.To analyse these results with my scientific knowledge I would have to say the increase in length of rubber band is directly proportional to the increase in force applied so stretching distance also increases.We did alter are plan slightly because we had extra time at the end we tested the limit of elasticity to try to prove or disprove Hookes law.By analyzing my graphs with my scientific knowledge I can work out that the more force applied to the band, the greater the extension, that is why both my graph get gradually taller instead of ascending if you wanted to produce an ascending graph you could start off with 10 Newtons of force applied and keep taking more weights off to lower the extension.From my double rubber band experiment you can clearly see there is less extension throughout because with two bands they can share the force applied thus with two bands there is a higher elastic limit then with just one rubber abnd.Overall I am pleased with the outcome of this Investigation I believe that I have proved H ookes law to be correct and that after the limit of elasticity the rubber band is permanently put out of shape.

Urban Rural divide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Urban Rural divide - Essay Example This diverse population in the demographic makeup of the rural sections of the country also has a vastly broad economic composition. It is notable that agriculture constitutes the relatively vast percentage of the rural economy (Great Britain, p 3, 2008). Through such observations, the government of UK is taking into account several measures to initiate programs that facilitate growth and development in the country, particularly the rural settings to ensure they catch up in development to the pace at urban locations (Farmer & Currie, p 54, 2009). Consequently, in taking these measures, the government is keen to adopt strategies and welfare policies that facilitate growth and development and encourage the working age to be more productive. The policies in their contribution are factoring the component of proofing the policies and strategies adopted to ensure that such strategies and policies of development are effective in achieving success for each of the communities, individuals and business elements in England. The urban-rural divide remains a core factor of consideration in alleviating the economic and social development of the entire England nation. The rural divide in England takes three key aspects, which entail the economic growth, the quality of life and the rural engagement aspect of the entire communities in the rural England (Michale Woods, p 581, 2006). The rural statement entails underlining the commitment of the England government to the rural elements that facilitate success. The statement reflects the vision for successful business at the rural community, thriving accordingly in living and working from the countryside; hence, better welfare (Pateman, p 43, 2010). The key objectives of bridging the urban-rural divide in this concept thus base on three key priorities. The vital areas of precedence for the policy entail establishing the

Critically analyse the concept of fair and equitable treatment in Essay - 1

Critically analyse the concept of fair and equitable treatment in investment treaties, taking into account recent investment - Essay Example CMS Gas Transmission Company v. Republic of Argentina, Violation of FET provisions, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/8 (Adopted May 25 2005). Eureko B.V. v. Republic of Poland Eureko B.V. v. Republic of Poland, violation of FET provisions, ICSID Case No. ARB/02/17, (Adopted August 19 2005). Jan de Nul N.V. and Dredging International N.V. v. Arab Republic of Egypt, violation of FET principles, ICSID Case No. ARB/04/13) (Decision on Jurisdiction, June 16, 2006). LG&E Energy Corp., LG&E Capital Corp., LG&E International Inc. v. Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/. 02/1, Emphasis on the obligation of transparency (Decision on Liability, Oct 3, 2006). Loewen Group, Inc. and Raymond L. Loewen v. United States of America, violation of FET provisions, ICSID Case No. ARB (AF)/98/3, (Awarded on Award of June 26, 2003). Metalpar S.A. and Buen Aire S.A. v. Republic of Argentina, violation of FET provisions, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/5, (Awarded on April 27, 2006). MTD Equity Sdn. Bhd. and MTD Chile S.A. v. Republic of Chile, violation of FET provisions, ICSID Case No. ARB/07/27, (Awarded on Mar 21, 2007). Parkerings-Compagniet AS v. Republic of Lithuania, violation of FET provisions, ICSID Arbitration Case No. ARB/05/8, (Awarded on September 11, 2007). PSEG Global Inc. and Konya Ilgin Elektrik Uretim v. Ticaret Limited Sirketi v. Republic of Turkey, obligation on transparency on FET provisions, ICSID Case No. ... v. United Mexican States, rule of law under FET provisions, ICSID Case No. ARB (AF)/00/3, (Awarded on June 2, 2007). NAFTA –UNCITRAL Cases Alex Genin, Eastern Credit Limited, Inc. and A.S. Baltoil v. Republic of Estonia, violation of FET provisions, Case No. ARB/99/2, (Awarded on June 25, 2001). S.D. Myers, Inc. v. The Government of Canada, Chapter 11-NAFTA ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL/ UNCITRAL RULES, (Awarded on November 26, 2002). UNCITRAL (UNITED NATIONS COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW GAMI Investments, Inc. v. The United Mexican States, UNCITRAL, (Final Award November 12, 2004). International Thunderbird Gaming Corporation v The United Mexican States, violation of FET principles ,UNICITRAL ( NAFTA), ( Final Award January 26,2006). Occidental Exploration and Production Co. v. Republic of Ecuador, violation of FET provisions, UN 3467, (Final Award July 1, 2004). Pope & Talbot v. Canada, violation of FET provisions, UNCITRAL (NAFTA) (Award on Merits of Phase 2 of April 10, 2001). Ronald S. Lauder v. Czech Republic, violation of FET provisions, UNCITRAL, (Final Award of 3 September 2001). Saluka Investments BV v. The Czech Republic, violation of FET Provisions, UNCITRAL Rules; IIC 211 (2006); 4P 116/2006 (Award on September 7, 2006). INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ) Elettronica Sicula S.p.A. (ELSI) (US v. Italy), violation of FET provisions, ICJ Rep.15, 94-95, 28, ILM 1109 (1989), (Final Award n July 20, 1989). List of Treaties and Conventions â€Å"Convention on the Protection of Foreign Property of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).† (Adopted 1995 entered into force 1997). â€Å"North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)† (Entered in to force from 1 January 1994). Abs /Shawcross Draft of 1967 (adopted 1959 entered into